"To the descendants scattered around the world and who do not know the Russian language"
Статья в работе
Content
1 "Secrets" of the Baku tree of the Neporent family
1.1 the Head of the family-Isaak Matveevich Motovilikha
1.1.1 Isaac's Fateful meeting with Mitrofanov
1.1.2 Continuation of cooperation - creation of the Motovilikha society (1903)
1.1.3 about the life of a Neporent family and their neighbors in Mitrofanov's house
1.1.4 David Neporent talks about the ways of searching for the truth
1.1.5 Summing up the life of Isaac Neporent
1.2 branches of the Baku tree
1.2.1 1st son Moses Isaakovich Neporent and his branch
1.2.2 2nd son Osip (Joseph) Isaakovich Neporent
1.2.3 3rd son Samuel Isaakovich Neporent and his branch
1.2.4 1st daughter Sofia Isaakovna Neporent and her branch
1.2.5 2nd daughter Faina Isaakovna Neporent and her branch
1.2.6 4th son Pavel Isaakovich Neporent
1.2.7 3rd daughter Maria Isaakovna Neporent
1.2.8 5th son Matvey Isaakovich Neporent
1.2.9 4th daughter Vera Isaakovna Neporent and her branch
1.2.10 6th son Alexander Isaakovich Neporent and his branch
1.2.11 5th daughter Rosalia Isaakovna Neporent
1.2.12 7th son Abram Isaakovich Neporent and his branch
In the process of searching and research, the authors were presented not only a picture of the life of one – even if not an ordinary-Jewish family, but also a broad and unknown to the ordinary reader reality of those special relations with the laws of that time. Without knowledge of this reality, it would be difficult to understand much of the family history. We hope that the volume of the article itself will now be enough to answer the reader's many questions about Jewish and Baku life. without referring them to other sources.
It was November 1919. It was sad these days at a huge family table on the third-floor gallery in the house number 8 on “Vodovoznaya” street, where a large family with children and household members usually gathered.
And not only because the head of a huge family, its founder and mainstay – Isaac Matveevich Neporent-had just been sent on his last journey, but also because the streets were restless, there was no confidence in the future and future well-being.
My beloved and native Baku was changing before my eyes. And although everyone had an education and, as they say," stood on their feet", it was necessary to seriously think about the future. And soon many Neporentleft the city and settled in Moscow and Leningrad, which was possible in accordance with their education and work experience.
The founder of the Baku branch of the family was Isaac Matveevich Neporent.
Merchant of the 2nd Guild, oil industrialist-Director and Manager Of the company of oil production, contract drilling and mechanical plants "Motovilikha" and the firm "D. D. Mitrofanov", in the uniform of employees of the Department of institutions of the Empress Maria.
Why are we talking about the Baku branch? Yes, because the parents of Isaac-Mordechai Neporent and Gitla Rosenbaum-Rotstein - in the small town of Neporent [1]near Warsaw had 11 sons and one daughter.
фото Warsaw. The photo shows Mordechai (Matthew) Neporent, Isaac's father. His younger brother is standing next to him. Mordechai later lived with his son Isaac in Baku.
Isaac Matveevich Neporent (1859, Neporent – 1919, Baku) was born in the Polish town of Neporent. When he came of age, he was engaged to Lyubov Borisovna Rodinberg (1867, Lenkoran? - 1940, Baku). She was the daughter of retired Nikolaev soldier Boris Rodinberg [2]and his wife Lyubov Danilovna Rodinberg (nee Yershova).
Lyubov Danilovna Yershova was from a family of "Gers"[3].GERS (from גֵּר, 'proselyte'; see ger). A small group of ethnic Russians who profess Judaism. exiled from Central Russia to the outskirts of the Empire, in Lenkoran. Her parents were farmers and engaged in agriculture. In life, she was called Esther Danilovna. Under this name she was buried.
Boris Rotenberg, being called up for military service, it took place in Lankaran, where he met his future wife. At that time, the Caucasian line No. 21 battalion was stationed in Lenkoran.
In 1868, this battalion was transferred to Baku and renamed the 66th Baku provincial battalion (the future Salyan regiment). By the time Boris Rotenberg was already married (the daughter of Love was born in 1867). And so, the wife, a soldier with a daughter, moved to her husband's new duty station in Baku.
In the old Salyan barracks, left over from the tsarist times, where, after their construction in 1909, the Salyan regiment was stationed. There, less than a century later, Boris's great – grandson, David Neporent, also served as a conscript!
Boris Rotenberg was the so-called "Nicholas soldiers", that is, he was drafted into military service by Conscription Statute enacted during the reign of Nicholas I.
In 1867, Emperor Alexander II highly approved the "Regulations on the arrangement of retired and indefinite leave of the lower ranks", which serves to facilitate the entry into civil life of dismissed from military service. And to obtain the benefits to which they have acquired the right to serve a fixed term.
Clause 5 of the Regulation stated:
"All in General indefinitely-vacation and retired lower ranks can live, according to legalized types, everywhere they want."
This provision applied to all lower ranks in General, including Jews who served under the Recruiting regulations and were dismissed on indefinite leave or retired before January 1, 1874-the adoption of the new regulations on military service.
Based on this provision, Boris Rodinberg, having served the established term (the term of service before retirement was at that time 20 years, while after 15 years of irreproachable service in the military, the lower ranks were dismissed on indefinite leave), settled in Baku. For this purpose, he was assigned to the Baku city society.
"He Got a job in a tailor shop. One day a General came to Boris Lvovich and ordered a uniform.
My great-grandfather refused. He is not a tailor, but a seamstress. And this is a General's uniform. It is no joke.
But the General ordered it. where to go and I sewed. The General, when he saw the uniform, slapped his great-grandfather, and said: "And you say you can't make uniforms." Such is the General's gratitude. Then my great-grandfather went into business. He called himself "kipets" (merchant) – well, very "literate" was" [4]
It is not known where Rodinberg met and met Isaac Neporent and what attracted him to the young Isaac, but he suggested that the young man go with him to Baku.
In those years, a Neporent who lived in the Kingdom of Poland, which was part of the pale of settlement, i.e. in the territory where permanent residence of Jews in the Russian Empire was allowed, could not leave the pale of settlement even for marriage.
In General, outside the pale of settlement of Jews they could stay only temporarily:
1) to accept the inheritance.
2) to search for legal property rights in judicial and governmental institutions.
3) for trade cases and for bidding for contracts and deliveries – for a period of no more than 6 weeks (in exceptional cases, 2 months) [5].
The exception was the merchants of the 1st Guild, persons with higher education, master craftsmen who enjoyed the right of universal residence in the Empire.
There was, however, an opportunity to leave the pale of settlement for a longer period than 2 months – for training in craft skills.
Young Jews who were under 18 years of age, even if they did not belong to the craft class, could come to areas outside the line designated for permanent settlement of Jews to learn various crafts.
And with the limitation of the time, they stay there for the duration of those contracts (no more than five years, however) that they will conclude with those who have accepted them for training in crafts. Those of them who received approval certificates from their masters at the end of their studies could remain in residence outside the pale of settlement of Jews everywhere, using legalized passports and tickets.
Apparently, this is how Isaac Neporent left the Kingdom of Poland and settled temporarily in Baku. Here, the young Isaac began working in the shop Boris Rotenberg. The store also had a sewing workshop, where Isaac had to learn the craft.
When he arrived in Baku, he registered with the police as a resident of Warsaw, Isaak Mordkovich Neporent.
In 1882, he registered his marriage with the Love of Borisovna Rodenberg, daughter of Boris Rotenberg.
Information about those who got married:
1882 Isak Mordkovich Neporent, a resident of Warsaw, and Lyubov Borisovna Rodinberg, a resident of Baku [6].
Every Jew in those years had to be legally assigned to one of the established estates in the state.
Isaac Neporent in the 1880s was assigned to the bourgeois class of Warsaw. We learn about this from the entry about his son Boris in the " Metric book. About the born":
1883 Parents: Warsaw Philistine Isai Matveevich Neporent, wife Lyubov, son Boris. [ 7].
But Isaac Neporent failed to be assigned to the Baku city society. From the available documents [8]it is clear that at least until 1897, Isaac Neporent continued to be listed as a Warsaw Philistine.
Then, in order not to make mandatory trips to Warsaw, to replace the passport after its expiration, and to have the right to live outside the pale of settlement, he registered with the Temir Khan-shurinsky city society. as the Temir-Khan-shurinsky tradesman.
To do this, he purchased a house in Temir Khan Shur [9].
This can be seen from the available birth Certificate of his daughter Vera:
"In the Jewish metric book about those born in the city of Baku in 1901, for the number 19 female count, there is the following article: on March 22, Temir Khan-shurinsky Philistine Isaac Matveevich (aka Mordkovich) Neporent from his wife Lyubov Borisovna was born a daughter, who was named Vera."
In the "Regulations on the management of the city of Temir Khan-Shu", highly approved in 1866, it was stated:
"All persons of free status in General can be attributed to the city of Temir Khan Shura, as merchants, as burghers, artisans or shopkeepers.
Note. Jews who belong to urban and rural societies, both in the Transcaucasian region and in all other places in Russia, are not excluded from the list of persons who have the right to be included in the city of Temir Khan Shura
All persons assigned to the city of Temir Khan Shura are obligated to establish a permanent settlement there without fail within three years from the date of registration. Those who do not fulfill this duty are deprived of the right to enjoy the benefits and privileges provided to the residents of the city of Temir Khan Shura. (…)
Note. Those who are assigned to the city are considered to have a solid settlement, who will build buildings or cultivate gardens and orchards that bring them income, or by legal acquisition from other persons who previously settled, become owners of real property."
The provision of benefits in the "Position" was made in order to attract migrants to Temir Khan Shura and thus increase the settled population of This city.
Allowing Jews to be assigned to the Temir Khan-shurinsky city society was a privilege for them, as an exception to the General rule to live only in certain provinces – in the Pale of Settlement[10].
Therefore, Isaac Neporent purchased a house in Temir Khan-Shur, for which he later paid taxes, both to the Treasury and to the city budget. The house was used as a summer cottage.
Thus, Isaac Neporent, having been assigned to the Temir Khan-Shura society and acquired real estate, received the right to live in the city of Temir Khan-Shura-outside the pale of settlement. Although the PostScript to the Temir Khan Shura did not give him the right to reside everywhere in all the cities of the Empire, including Baku.
The most possible explanation for why Isaac might have lived in Baku is his probable affiliation with artisans. Artisans, along with merchants of the 1st Guild and persons with higher education, had the right to live in Baku and other cities of the Empire, outside the pale of settlement.
To do this, you had to have a certificate of a craftsman and directly engage in the specified craft – for example, to document the work in a sewing workshop. But such was at the store Boris Rotenberg who traded in clothes. Isaac Neporent, registered at the workshop, helped Rodinberg to conduct trade, and even had a power of attorney from Boris Rodinberg. This can be seen from such an interesting document of 1890: the Baku office of the Caucasus and mercury Society announces an auction sale of goods that were not accepted by the recipients on time, among which there were 5 items sent.
Interesting information about the family of Isaac Neporent and the family of his father-in-law Boris Rodinberg can be found in reference publications of the tsarist period, in the press of those years, and other publications.
In particular, the work of Abezguz[11], who studied the composition of the Jewish population of Baku according to the Jewish metric books (since 1864), written in 1924, provides information about some events in their lives:
1876. About born son: the parents of Baku merchant Berko L. of Rodenberg, wife Esther Danilovna, son of David.
Boris Lvovich Rodinberg in 1876 is listed as a Baku merchant. However, with the introduction of the "Regulations on duties for the right to trade and other crafts" (guilds) in Baku in the same 1876, due to the insignificant volume of trade, it may have passed into the middle class.
1882. Information about the nuptials: Isaak Mordkovich Neporent, a resident of Warsaw, and Lyubov Borisovna Rodinberg, a resident of Baku.
1888. Information about witnesses at someone's wedding. Witnesses were, among others: Rodenberg, Nieporęt.
Information about births. Parents: Warsaw Philistine Isai Matveevich Neporent and his wife Lyubov:
1883. His Son Boris.
1884. Son of Moses.
1886. Son Osip.
1888. son of Samuel.
1890. Daughter Sofia.
As noted in the work of Abezguz, the name of Neporent, like many other Jews, has been transformed over the years:
Thus, a Warsaw resident Isaac Mordukhovich Neporent (record of marriages in 1882) in the records of the birth of children is listed as Isai Matveevich.
This was since " the spelling of names that was inherited from the Polish regime... it turned the name of a Jew into a pejorative nickname / Moshko, Volko/, which, however, is partly the fault of the Jews themselves.
This lack of carriers of these names tried to correct. Not only the newly born tried to give names that are more acceptable for the new time. Or give the names such an outline that would correct this flaw in their documents[12].
Isaak Neporent's father – in-law, Boris Rodinberg, actively participated in the life of the Jewish community in Baku. He was one of the co-owners of the house that housed the synagogue in the 1880s and 1890s.
The following information related to this synagogue is found in official announcements of officials for mandatory publication in the press:
«One thousand eight hundred ninety the bailiff of the Baku district court, Jabar Bey Khanlarov, informs that on January 21, 1891, he has appointed a public auction for the sale of a quarter of the real estate belonging undivided to Grigory Shulbevar, Solomon Shane, Berko Rodinberg and Aaron Chernomordikov. On satisfaction of the debt of the first of these, Gregory Shulaveri in 1823 RUB. 24 kopecks. »
«This estate was located on the for Stadt of Baku at the corner of Krasnovodskaya and Birzhevaya streets (now S. Vurgun and U. Hajibeyov streets). And it was in a stone one-story house, where the Jewish society of Baku organized a synagogue.
As a result of these trades, the share Sholevar was bought by Lion Catlina and it is the duty of the first covered. But a year later, the bailiff of the Baku district court, Jabar Bey Khanlarov, on January 17, 1892, again appointed a new public auction for the right to three-quarters of the real estate belonging to Solomon Shein, Berko Rodinberg, Aaron Chernomordikov and Lev Zeitlin. »
To satisfy the debt of the first three on the writ of execution of the Baku district court to Martin Berne 2835 rubles with interest on the mortgage and judicial remuneration for conducting the case 179 rubles
The debtors ' right to compensation was estimated at 3000 rubles.
What ended the last auction – information has not yet been found. Apparently, the share of debtors was bought out by one of the wealthier Jews since the synagogue remained at the same address until the second half of the 1890s[13].Then the house was sold to Petros and Dzhumshud Sergeev brothers, who built a three-story mansion in its place.
The Jewish society was left for several years virtually without a synagogue, which huddled in various places until 1901, when a large synagogue was built on the corner of «Torgovaya» street. and "Caspian" (Nizam and L-TA Schmidt, now Beybutov). Now there is the Beibutov theater.
From the above information, we can assume that Boris Rodinberg had some joint business with Solomon Shane and Aaron Chernomordikov, since the mortgage debt was shared.
The reference books for 1907 and 1913 indicate a store that sold sewing machines and belonged to Mikhail Borisovich Rodinberg. The store was located on the street " Torgovaya ", in the house number 11, which belonged to Gadzhiev. In this building in Soviet times was a cinema "Vatan".
Notes:
1. Neporent (Polish. Nieporęt is a rural gmina (parish) in Poland, and is an administrative division in Legionów County, Masovian Voivodeship.
2. it should be noted here that in tsarist times the surname was written as Rodinberg in all documents encountered, and in Soviet times it was written as Rodenberg. Further on, the last name will be written as it was written in life in relation to specific people. But despite the difference in spelling, it is the same family and the same last name.
3. On de read the article in"Electronic Jewish encyclopedia."
4. According to the recollections of great-grandson of Boris Rotenberg Brand Nieporęt, according to his uncle Samuel Isaakovich Nieporęt.
5. Collection of laws...1891 §52
6. Information from the work of Abezguz " Notes on the composition of the Jewish population of Baku (according to the Jewish metric books)", 1924.
7. Information from the work of Abezguz " Notes on the composition of the Jewish population of Baku (according to the Jewish metric books)", 1924. Probably, the son Boris died in infancy, because information about him is not found in the future.
8. Archive reference no. 427 of 16.12.2019 g. GIAAR. Foundation-F. 1044, op. 1, d. 591, l. 117 Ob – - extract from the Metric book of the Baku synagogue.
9. since 1866, Temir Khan Shura has been the administrative center of the Dagestan region. Now Buinaksk is a city of Republican significance in the Republic of Dagestan. It forms the municipal division of Buinaksk with the status of an urban district. The administrative center of Buinaksk district (which is not included in it).
10. In the Charter about passports mentioned province, in which Jews were permitted permanent settlement – Pale of Settlement
11. Abeshouse. Notes on the composition of the Jewish population of Baku (according to the Jewish metric books). One thousand nine hundred twenty-four
12. Abeshouse. Notes on the composition of the Jewish population of Baku (according to the Jewish metric books). 1924
13. according to some sources, before 1897.
